A single point of failure (SPOF) is a component of a technical system whose failure results in the failure of the entire system.
In the case of highly available systems, care must be taken to ensure that all components of a system are designed with redundancy. Diversity should also play a role. In this case, systems of different designs (for example, from different manufacturers) are used for the same task. This makes it less likely that multiple systems will fail simultaneously for a single reason.
Simple steps to avoid multiple SPOF in IT operations include using multiple UPS, designing parts of the server to be redundant (power supplies, and network cards), and sufficiently increasing the amount of end devices using the system.
With the connection to several transformers of the energy supplier, the integration of cross cabling (several current paths), one or more generators as a power backup system, IT systems with several power supply units or the use of several STS (ballasts), redundant air conditioning technology and multiple accesses to the end devices via the company's own network (CorporateNetwork), one obtains an infrastructure that is largely protected against failures. The next increase in availability is achieved by using internally highly redundant (fault-tolerant) servers or cluster systems. In addition, backup data centers can be used in the event of a disaster.